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Bronchitis

What is Bronchitis?

  • Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes (airways that carry air to and from the lungs).
  • It leads to cough and mucus production due to irritated and swollen airways. 
  • Acute bronchitis – short-term (often follows a cold)
  • Chronic bronchitis – long-term condition, part of COPD

Causes of Bronchitis

  • Viral infections (most common, e.g., cold or flu viruses)
  • Bacterial infections (less common)
  • Smoking and air pollution (major cause of chronic bronchitis)
  • Exposure to dust, chemicals, or irritants

Symptoms of Bronchitis

  • Persistent cough (may last weeks)
  • Mucus (sputum) production
  • Shortness of breath and wheezing
  • Fatigue and chest discomfort
  • Mild fever, sore throat, body aches

Types of Bronchitis

  • Acute Bronchitis
  • Short-term, usually viral
  • Improves within 1–3 weeks
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Productive cough for ≥3 months/year for 2 years
  • Long-term and requires medical care

Diagnosis of Bronchitis

  • Physical exam (listening to lungs)
  • Chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia
  • Sputum tests
  • Pulmonary function test (spirometry)

Treatment of Bronchitis

  • Most acute cases resolve without treatment.
  • Supportive care: Rest and hydration, Cough medicines or inhalers (if needed)
  • Antibiotics only if bacterial infection suspected.
  • Chronic cases: Pulmonary rehabilitation, Oxygen therapy (severe cases)
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