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Rheumatoid Arthritis

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
  • The immune system attacks the lining of joints (synovium).
  • Causes inflammation, pain, and swelling in joints.
  • Can also affect other organs such as: Skin, Eyes, Lungs, Heart and blood vessels.
  • Different from osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear arthritis).
  • Rheumatoid arthritis may lead to joint deformity if untreated.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Joint Symptoms
  • Painful, warm, swollen joints
  • Morning stiffness lasting >45 minutes
  • Reduced joint movement
  • Symptoms often start in hands and feet
  • Fatigue, Fever, Loss of appetite, Weakness

Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Autoimmune reaction where immune system attacks healthy joint tissue.
  • Possible Triggers
  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental exposure
  • Hormonal influences
  • Certain infections

Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Medical history and physical examination
  • Blood tests: Rheumatoid factor (RF), Anti-CCP antibodies, Inflammatory markers
  • Imaging tests: X-ray, Ultrasound, MRI

Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Joint deformities
  • Osteoporosis
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Lung disease
  • Heart disease risk

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Medications
    • NSAIDs (pain relief)
    • Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)
    • DMARDs (slow disease progression)
    • Biologic therapies (target immune system)
  • Lifestyle Management
    • Regular exercise
    • Physical therapy
    • Joint protection techniques
    • Healthy weight management
    • Smoking cessation
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