Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral Neuropathy is a condition caused by damage to peripheral nerves, which transmit signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. It commonly affects the hands and feet.
 

Causes & Risk Factors

• Diabetes (most common cause)
• Vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins)
• Alcohol misuse
• Infections and autoimmune diseases
• Chemotherapy or certain medications
• Physical injury or nerve compression

Common Symptoms

• Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• Burning or sharp pain
• Muscle weakness
• Increased sensitivity to touch
• Loss of coordination and balance

Types of Peripheral Neuropathy                    

• Sensory neuropathy – Affects sensation (pain, temperature)
• Motor neuropathy – Affects muscle movement
• Autonomic neuropathy – Affects internal organ functions

Diagnosis

• Neurological examination
• Nerve conduction studies
• Electromyography (EMG)
• Blood tests (vitamin levels, glucose)
• Imaging studies if needed

Treatment & Management

• Treat underlying cause (e.g., diabetes control)
• Pain management medications
• Vitamin supplementation
• Physical therapy
• Lifestyle modifications

Complications                             

• Chronic pain
• Falls and injuries due to balance problems
• Foot ulcers (especially in diabetes)
• Reduced mobility