Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer?

• Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It usually develops slowly over time through precancerous cellular changes.
• Almost 99% of cervical cancer cases are linked to persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
• It is the 4th most common cancer in women worldwide.
• Early detection through screening makes it highly treatable.
• Often shows no symptoms in early stages.

Causes of Cervical Cancer

• Persistent high-risk HPV infection
• Multiple sexual partners or early sexual activity
• Weak immune system
• Lack of regular screening

Types of Cervical Cancer

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma
• Mixed/Other Rare Types

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse or menopause)
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Watery or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

• Pap smear (detects abnormal cells)
• HPV DNA testing
• Pelvic examination
• Colposcopy (magnified cervical examination)
• Biopsy for confirmation

Complications of Cervical Cancer

• Spread (metastasis) to nearby organs
• Infertility after treatment
• Treatment side effects (fatigue, hormonal effects)
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Advanced disease complications if untreated

Treatment of Cervical Cancer

• Surgery (early-stage cancer removal)
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted or combined therapy approaches