Chickenpox (Varicella)

What is Chickenpox?

• Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It mainly affects children but can occur at any age, especially in unvaccinated individuals.
• Spread through air droplets, coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with rash fluid.
• Illness usually lasts 4–7 days.
• Infection often provides lifelong immunity.
• Now less common due to vaccination programs.

Symptoms of Chickenpox

• Red spots (papules)
• Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles)
• Crusting and scab formation
• Fever
• Fatigue and tiredness
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• General feeling of illness

Diagnosis of Chickenpox

• Usually diagnosed by physical examination of rash
• Medical history and symptom assessment

Complications of Chickenpox

• Bacterial skin infections
• Pneumonia
• Brain inflammation (encephalitis)
• Dehydration
• Severe disease in pregnant women or immunocompromised patients

Prevention of Chickenpox

• Chickenpox vaccination (most effective protection)
• Isolation until all blisters crust

Treatment of Chickenpox

• Fever control (acetaminophen)
• Calamine lotion or oatmeal baths for itching
• Maintain hygiene and avoid scratching
• Antiviral medicines for high-risk patients
• Adequate hydration and rest