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Congenital Heart Disease

What is Congenital heart disease?

  • Congenital heart disease is a structural problem of the heart present at birth that affects how blood flows through the heart.
  • “Congenital” means the condition exists from birth.
  • Caused by abnormal heart development during pregnancy.
  • May involve heart chambers, valves, or blood vessels.
  • Severity ranges from mild defects to life-threatening conditions.

Types of Congenital Heart Disease

  • Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - hole between lower chambers
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Coarctation of the Aorta
  • Bicuspid Aortic Valve
  • Transposition of Great Arteries

Symptoms of Congenital Heart Disease

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue during activity
  • Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
  • Swelling in legs or body (edema)
  • Bluish skin or lips (low oxygen levels)

Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease

  • Physical examination
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Chest X-ray
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac imaging tests

Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease

  • Monitoring
    • Regular cardiology checkups for mild cases
  • Medications
    • Control heart rhythm
    • Prevent blood clots
    • Improve heart function
  • Procedures & Surgery
    • Catheter-based repair
    • Heart surgery
    • Implantable devices (pacemaker or ICD)
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