Cystic Fibrosis

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

• Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic (inherited) disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs by causing thick, sticky mucus buildup.
• Caused by mutation in the CFTR gene.
• Passed from parents to children (autosomal recessive inheritance).
• Affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.
• Thick mucus blocks airways and digestive ducts.

Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

• Respiratory Symptoms
  • Persistent cough with thick mucus
  • Wheezing and shortness of breath
  • Frequent lung infections
  • Recurrent sinus infections
  • Recurrent sinus infections
• Digestive Symptoms
  • Poor weight gain and growth
  • Greasy, foul-smelling stools
  • Severe constipation or intestinal blockage

Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis

• Newborn screening tests
• Sweat chloride test (high salt levels)
• Genetic testing
• Clinical evaluation and family history

Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

• Airway clearance therapy
• Antibiotics for infections
• Mucus-thinning medications
• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• CFTR modulator therapy (targets gene defect)
• Pancreatic enzyme supplements & nutritional support

Complications of Cystic Fibrosis

• Chronic lung infections
• Bronchiectasis (airway damage)
• Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)
• Respiratory failure
• Diabetes related to CFLiver disease