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Insomnia

What is Insomnia?

  • Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early.
  • It can lead to daytime fatigue, low energy, and poor concentration.
  • Acute insomnia – short-term (days to weeks)
  • Chronic insomnia – lasts ≥3 months 

Causes of Insomnia

  • Stress and life events (work, health, relationships)
  • Irregular sleep schedules (shift work, travel/jet lag)
  • Poor sleep habits (screen time, inconsistent bedtime)
  • Mental health disorders (anxiety, depression)
  • Medical conditions (chronic pain, asthma, GERD, heart disease)
  • Substances (caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, certain medications)

Symptoms of Insomnia

  • Difficulty falling asleep at night
  • Frequent awakenings during the night
  • Waking too early and not returning to sleep
  • Daytime tiredness or sleepiness
  • Irritability, anxiety, or low mood
  • Difficulty concentrating or remembering

Complications of Insomnia

  • Reduced performance at work/school
  • Increased risk of accidents
  • Higher risk of depression, anxiety
  • Long-term risk of chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, hypertension)

Diagnosis of Insomnia

  • Clinical evaluation and sleep history
  • Sleep diary or questionnaires
  • Referral to a sleep study center if needed

Treatment of Insomnia

  • Lifestyle changes (first-line)
    • Regular sleep schedule
    • Limiting caffeine/alcohol
    • Improving sleep environment
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)
  • Short-term use of sleep medications
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