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Iron Deficiency Anemia

What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?

  • Iron Deficiency Anemia is a condition where the body lacks enough iron to produce adequate hemoglobin in red blood cells.
  • Hemoglobin is essential for carrying oxygen to body tissues.
  • It is the most common type of anemia worldwide.
  • Low iron → decreased hemoglobin production
  • Reduced oxygen delivery → fatigue and weakness
  • Results in small, pale red blood cells (microcytic anemia)

Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • Blood loss (most common):
    • Heavy menstruation
    • Internal bleeding (ulcers, cancers)
  • Low dietary iron intake (poor nutrition)
  • Poor iron absorption (e.g., celiac disease, intestinal surgery)
  • Increased demand:
    • Pregnancy
    • Growth in children

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • Extreme fatigue and weakness
  • Pale skin
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness or headaches
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Brittle nails
  • Unusual cravings (e.g., ice, dirt – pica)

Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • Blood tests:
    • Hemoglobin
    • Serum ferritin (iron stores)
    • Iron levels and transferrin saturation
  • Identify underlying cause (e.g., bleeding source)

Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • Iron supplements (oral or IV)
  • Dietary changes (iron-rich foods)
  • Treat underlying cause (e.g., bleeding)
  • Vitamin C intake to improve absorption
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