Uterine Cancer

• Uterine cancer is a cancer that develops in the uterus (womb), the organ where a fetus grows during pregnancy.
• Most uterine cancers begin in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, and are referred to as endometrial cancers.
• Most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries.
• Frequently diagnosed at an early stage.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom.

Types of Uterine Cancer

• Endometrial Cancer
  • Arises from the uterine lining (endometrium)
  • Accounts for approximately 90–95% of uterine cancers
• Type I Endometrial Cancer
  • Estrogen-related
  • Usually slower growing
  • Better prognosis
• Type II Endometrial Cancer
  • More aggressive
  • Includes serous and clear cell carcinomas
• Uterine Sarcoma
  • Develops in the muscle or supporting tissues of the uterus
  • Rare but often more aggressive

Causes of Uterine Cancer

• Hormonal Imbalance
• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes

Symptoms of Uterine Cancer

• Vaginal Symptoms
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Postmenopausal bleeding
  • Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pelvic Symptoms
  • Pelvic pain
  • Pelvic pressure
• Urinary & Gastrointestinal Symptoms
  • Pain during urination
  • Changes in bowel habits
• General Symptoms
  • Fatigue
  • Unexplained weight loss (advanced disease)

Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer

• Pelvic examination
• Endometrial biopsy
• Hysteroscopy
• Dilation and curettage (D&C)
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• CT Scan
• MRI
• PET scan
• Molecular and genetic testing in selected cases

Treatment of Uterine Cancer

• Surgery
  • Total hysterectomy
  • Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
  • Lymph node assessment
• Radiation Therapy
  • External beam radiation therapy
  • Brachytherapy
• Chemotherapy
  • Used for advanced or recurrent disease
• Hormone Therapy
  • Progestins
  • Hormonal agents for selected patients