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Whooping Cough

What is Whooping Cough?

  • Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by bacteria (Bordetella pertussis).
  • It is characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a “whoop” sound when breathing in.
  • It mainly affects infants and unvaccinated individuals, but can occur at any age.
  • Bacteria attach to the respiratory tract lining and release toxins.
  • These toxins damage airway structures and cause inflammation and mucus buildup, leading to intense coughing.
  • Caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
  • Spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
  • Highly contagious, especially in close-contact settings.

Symptoms of Whooping Cough

  • Persistent severe cough
  • Whooping sound after coughing
  • Vomiting after coughing
  • Fatigue
  • In infants: Breathing difficulty or apnea (no breathing episodes)

Stages of Disease Whooping Cough

  • Early Stage (Catarrhal Phase)
    • Runny nose
    • Mild fever
    • Mild cough (resembles common cold)
  • Paroxysmal Stage
    • Severe, uncontrollable coughing fits
    • “Whoop” sound while inhaling
    • Vomiting, fatigue, red/blue face
  • Recovery Stage
    • Gradual reduction in coughing
    • Cough may persist for weeks (“100-day cough”)

Diagnosis of Whooping Cough

  • Clinical symptoms (prolonged cough pattern)
  • Laboratory tests (nasal/throat swab)
  • Early diagnosis is important for control of spread

Treatment of Whooping Cough

  • Antibiotics (most effective if started early)
  • Supportive care: Hydration, Oxygen support (if severe)
  • Hospitalization for infants or severe cases
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