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Zygomycosis

What is Zygomycosis?

  • Zygomycosis, now more commonly called mucormycosis, is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by molds (mucormycetes).
  • These fungi are commonly found in: Soil, Decaying organic matter (leaves, wood, compost).
  • Primarily affects people with weakened immune systems or uncontrolled diabetes.
  • It is a life-threatening infection if not treated early.
  • Caused by fungi from order Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichtheimia).
  • Infection occurs through:
    • Inhalation of spores (lungs/sinuses).
    • Contaminated food ingestion.
    • Entry via skin wounds or trauma.

Types of Mucormycosis

  • Rhinocerebral (sinus → brain) – most common
  • Pulmonary (lungs)
  • Cutaneous (skin)
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Disseminated (spread throughout body)

Symptoms of Zygomycosis

  • Sinus/Brain Infection
    • Facial swelling (one side)
    • Headache
    • Nasal congestion
    • Black lesions in nose or mouth
  • Lung Infection
    • Fever
    • Chest pain
    • Shortness of breath
    • Cough (may include blood)
  • Skin Infection
    • Painful ulcers or blisters
    • Redness → blackened tissue (necrosis)
  • GI Infection
    • Abdominal pain
    • Nausea, vomiting
    • GI bleeding

Diagnosis of Zygomycosis

  • Imaging: CT scan / MRI
  • Laboratory: Tissue biopsy (confirmatory)
  • Clinical suspicion in high-risk patients

Treatment of Zygomycosis

  • Antifungal therapy: Amphotericin B, Posaconazole, Isavuconazole
  • Surgical removal of infected tissue (often necessary)
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