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Addison’s Disease

What is Addison’s disease?

  • Addison’s disease is a rare hormonal disorder, also called primary adrenal insufficiency.
  • Occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, mainly: Cortisol, Aldosterone.
  • Symptoms usually develop slowly over time.
  • Without treatment, the condition can become life-threatening.

Symptoms of Addison’s Disease

  • Extreme fatigue
  • Muscle weakness
  • Weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Salt cravings
  • Dizziness or low blood pressure
  • Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain

Causes of Addison’s Disease

  • Autoimmune disease (immune system attacks adrenal glands)
  • Tuberculosis or infections
  • Cancer spread to adrenal glands
  • Bleeding into adrenal glands
  • Genetic disorders
  • Certain medications affecting hormone production

Complications of Addison’s Disease

  • Adrenal crisis (life-threatening)
  • Severe dehydration
  • Low blood pressure
  • Low blood sugar
  • Electrolyte imbalance

Diagnosis of Addison’s Disease

  • Blood tests (cortisol levels)
  • ACTH stimulation test
  • Electrolyte testing
  • Imaging scans (CT or MRI)

Treatment of Addison’s Disease

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy
    • Corticosteroid medicines to replace cortisol
    • Mineralocorticoid medicines to replace aldosterone
  • Lifestyle Management
    • Regular medication use (lifelong)
    • Adjust medicine during illness or stress
    • Maintain proper salt intake (if advised)
    • Regular medical follow-up
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