Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia.
 

Key Causes & Risk Factors

• Age (most common in people >65 years)
• Genetic factors (family history)
• Lifestyle factors (poor diet, inactivity)
• Cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, diabetes)

Common Symptoms

• Memory loss (especially recent events)
• Difficulty in problem-solving & decision-making
• Confusion with time and place
• Language and communication problems
• Behavioral & personality changes

Disease Progression                        

• Early Stage – Mild memory loss, subtle cognitive decline
• Moderate Stage – Increased confusion, difficulty in daily activities
• Severe Stage – Loss of independence, requires full-time care

Diagnosis

• Cognitive tests (MMSE, MoCA)
• Brain imaging (MRI, CT scan)
• Biomarkers (amyloid & tau proteins)

Treatment & Management

• Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil)
• NMDA receptor antagonist (Memantine)
• Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Donanemab, Lecanemab)
• Lifestyle support & cognitive therapy

Importance of Early Detection

• Slows disease progression
• Improves quality of life
• Helps in better care planning