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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons - the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. Over time, muscles weaken and lose function.
 

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Degeneration of motor neurons in brain & spinal cord
  • Genetic mutations (familial ALS in some cases)
  • Increasing age (commonly 40–70 years)
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors (under study)

Common Symptoms

  • Muscle weakness (arms, legs, or speech muscles)
  • Muscle twitching (fasciculations)
  • Difficulty speaking or swallowing
  • Muscle cramps and stiffness
  • Progressive paralysis

Disease Progression                        

  • Early Stage – Mild muscle weakness or coordination issues
  • Middle Stage – Difficulty walking, speaking, swallowing
  • Advanced Stage – Severe muscle paralysis and breathing difficulty

Diagnosis

  • Neurological examination
  • Electromyography (EMG)
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • MRI to rule out other conditions
  • Clinical symptom progression assessment

Treatment & Management

  • Disease-modifying medications: Riluzole, Edaravone
  • Respiratory support (ventilation assistance)
  • Physical and speech therapy
  • Nutritional support
  • Multidisciplinary care approach
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