Atherosclerosis

What is Atherosclerosis?

• Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fat, cholesterol, and other substances (plaque) build up inside the arteries.
• This causes arteries to narrow and harden, reducing blood flow to organs and tissues.
• Arteries normally carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.
• Plaque buildup blocks or slows blood flow.
• Can affect heart, brain, kidneys, and legs.
• Often develops slowly over many years.
• Symptoms may appear only after severe blockage.

Causes of Atherosclerosis

• Atherosclerosis begins when the inner artery wall is damaged.
• High cholesterol, Blood Pressure
• Diabetes
• Lack of physical activity

Symptoms of Atherosclerosis

• Heart arteries
  • Chest pain (angina)
  • Shortness of breath
• Brain arteries
  • Weakness or numbness
  • Trouble speaking
  • Vision problems
• Legs (Peripheral artery disease)
  • Leg pain while walking
• Kidney arteries
  • High blood pressure
  • Kidney problems

Complications of Atherosclerosis

• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Peripheral artery disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Heart failure

Treatment of Atherosclerosis

• Medications
  • Cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins)
  • Blood pressure medicines
  • Antiplatelet drugs (prevent clots)
• Lifestyle Changes
  • Healthy diet (low fat & cholesterol)
  • Regular exercise
  • Weight control
  • Stop smoking
  • Control blood pressure & sugar
• Procedures (Severe cases)
  • Angioplasty & stent
  • Bypass surgery